Poetic Thinking and Feeling

The Double Flame:    

Love and Eroticism 

by Octavio Paz

“To live is also to think, and sometimes to cross that border beyond which feeling and thinking become one: poetry. Meanwhile,”  ― Octavio Paz, The Double Flame: Essays on Love & Eroticism

Octavio Paz's The Double Flame is a lengthy examination and discussion that takes readers on a thorough tour through Western love history. Paz highlights the significance of Arabic culture during the so-called Dark Ages, travels to ancient Greece, Alexandria, and Rome, and documents the emergence and decline of Provençal poetry and culture during the Middle Ages. With particular appreciation for Surrealism's focus on exclusive love, he concludes his analysis in the modern era. He studies the philosophical and literary traditions of each period, occasionally examining particular poems in relation to eroticism and love. The importance of women's status in society is evident from his survey; as Paz states, "the history of love is inseparable from the history of the freedom of women." True love could not exist if a culture forbade women from actively participating in romantic relationships.

Paz is a literary and cultural critic in addition to being a cultural historian. His view of modern culture is rather pessimistic. He considers the current state of affairs to be pathetic since he feels that love cannot exist without respect for both the body and the soul. Capitalism has desecrated the body and turned it into a commercial tool, while the soul (or psyche) has been ignored or suppressed. Love is impossible if one does not have a soulful respect for the body and acknowledge the existence of the soul, which is what makes each person unique. Paz calls for a discussion between philosophers, artists, and scientists in order to revive the value of love in human culture. For the reader, this perspective on Eros and its past is both amusing and instructive.

Things Couldn't Be Righter

Will Grayson, Will Grayson 

by John Green

“Nothing's wrong. Everything's right. Things couldn't be righter. Things could be less tired. They could be less busy. They could be less caffeinated. But they couldn't be righter.”― John Green, Will Grayson, Will Grayson

I am reminded of how much things have changed by this book. This novel would not have been possible years ago, when homosexuality was not even discussed, much less celebrated, in high school. If you believe news reports about bullying and worse, it still seems a little bit like a fantasy. However, this is fiction, and it is written well. It tells the tale of two teenage boys named Will Grayson who lead very different lives and reside in different Chicago suburbs until their paths unexpectedly cross and result in a life-changing experience. The book switches between their points of view, with Levithan writing one chapter and Green writing the other, each of which reflects their unique voices and challenges.

John Green’s first Will Grayson is a humorous, self-deprecating man who lives by the maxim "don’t care too much," in part to keep his life simple and in part to avoid trouble. His best friend, Tiny Cooper—a larger-than-life, flamboyantly gay football player—drags him into a whirlwind of drama, including a musical Tiny’s producing about his own life. The second Will Grayson, penned by Levithan, is a darker, more introspective character battling depression, isolation, and a complicated relationship with his mother. He’s also grappling with his sexuality and a budding online romance with a boy named Isaac, which takes a sharp turn when they plan to meet in person.

The plot kicks off when the two Wills meet by chance in a porn store (a quirky, awkward setup that’s pure John Green). From there, their lives intertwine through Tiny, who becomes a bridge between their worlds. The story explores themes of identity, friendship, love, and self-acceptance, all wrapped in a mix of humor, heartache, and teenage messiness. Tiny’s musical, which culminates in a grand performance, serves as a literal and metaphorical stage for the characters to confront their feelings and grow.

The narrative demonstrates authentic dialogue and emotional depth. Green’s Will brings the sarcastic, nerdy charm fans of The Fault in Our Stars will recognize, while Levithan’s Will offers a raw, poetic look at mental health and queer identity. The collaboration shines in how seamlessly the two narratives blend, even with their tonal differences. Tiny Cooper is a standout—hilarious, over-the-top, and genuinely moving as he pushes both Wills to step out of their comfort zones.

That said, the book is not flawless. The premise of two kids with the same name meeting seems a bit contrived, and the musical subplot feels like it overshadows the quieter character moments. The ending, while uplifting, ties things up a little too neatly for a story about such messy lives. Still, it’s a fan favorite, often lauded for its heart and its unapologetic celebration of individuality.

Ancient Wisdom

Confucian Analects, 

The Great Learning & 

The Doctrine of the Mean 

by Confucius

“By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by reflection, which is noblest; Second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest.”
― Confucious

I have spent the last few weeks reading, thinking about, and contemplating James Legge's classic translation of Confucius, Confucian Analects, The Great Learning, and The Doctrine of the Mean. Confucius, who lived from 551 to 479 B.C., is the source of all works that have been condensed over centuries.

"The Analects of Confucius are the oldest complete intellectual and spiritual portrait of a man," Elias Canetti succinctly put it. It seems like a contemporary book. Additionally, this reader finds the book to be very un-Western and challenging to understand. Despite this, there are many similarities between western wisdom and Confucian thought. One of the most well-known theories is "reciprocity."

15.24 Zigong asked: "Is there any single word that could guide one's entire life?" The Master said, "Should it not be reciprocity? What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others." (Simon Leys trans., p 77)


The more well-known "Golden Rule," which states that one should "do unto others as one would have them do unto you," is complemented by that. One gains an appreciation for culture, family, and what appears to be a conservative view of man after reading the aphorisms. Additionally, it is a very humanistic and compassionate perspective on society.

Given the significant changes in Confucius's society during his lifetime, it appears that this was exactly what was required. He lived in a time of profound cultural upheaval. Like Western thinkers from Socrates to Gandhi, Confucius exuded confidence, which attracted people to him and his ideas. For what little we do have of Confucius' ideas, we can thank them. His ideas are condensed in these books and fragments, and I find them to be worth considering. This is a human treasure.

Mind and Body

Discourse on Method 

and Meditations on First Philosophy 

by René Descartes

“The reading of all good books is like conversation with the finest men of past centuries.” ― René Descartes

The foundational works of modern philosophy, René Descartes' Discourse on the Method (1637) and Meditations on First Philosophy (1641), signaled a dramatic turn toward rationalism and the growth of the scientific method. Their importance stems from Descartes' insistence that reason is the main source of knowledge, his systematic skepticism, and his effort to provide a solid basis for human comprehension.

Descartes describes his method of learning in Discourse on the Method, which is renowned for being summed up in the expression "Cogito, ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am"). Its autobiographical style and its introduction of a methodical approach to doubt—questioning everything that can be questioned—to arrive at certain truths make this work noteworthy. He suggests four guidelines for thinking clearly: break problems down into their component parts, start with the simple and work your way up to the complex, accept only what is clear and distinct, and thoroughly review. His contributions to mathematics, such as Cartesian coordinates, and his goal of using reason to bridge the gap between philosophy and science are also reflected in the Discourse.

Thoughts on the first philosophy begins by exploring metaphysics and epistemology in greater detail and expands on this. In order to arrive at the conviction that he is a thinking being, Descartes methodically questions his senses, the outside world, and even the existence of his own body through six meditations. He then makes the case for God's existence (using the ontological and causal arguments) and asserts that knowledge is based on distinct and unclouded perceptions, which are ensured by an unfaithful God. The mind-body dualism, which distinguishes the material body from the immaterial mind, is a topic that is still relevant in both philosophy and science.

For Book Lovers

The Reading Life: 

The Joy of Seeing New Worlds 

Through Others' Eyes 

by C.S. Lewis

“No book is really worth reading at the age of ten which is not equally – and often far more – worth reading at the age of fifty and beyond.” ― C.S. Lewis

C.S. Lewis's "The Reading Life: The Joy of Seeing New Worlds Through Others’ Eyes" is a carefully chosen compilation of his thoughts on reading, literature, and the creative potential of books rather than a single, coherent piece of writing. The book, which was edited by David C. Downing and Michael G. Maudlin, presents Lewis's ideas on the craft, meaning, and pleasure of reading by drawing from his vast collection of essays, letters, and other writings. With titles like "The Chronicles of Narnia," "Mere Christianity," and "The Screwtape Letters," this 2019 book gives readers an insight into the thoughts and writings of one of the most significant authors and thinkers of the 20th century. 

In addition to being a celebration of literature, the book demonstrates Lewis's continuing relevance. It captures his view that reading is an active interaction with concepts, feelings, and realities that influence our identities rather than a passive activity. According to Lewis, books are more than just items; they are also friends that encourage, challenge, and soothe us. In a time when digital distractions frequently eclipse the slower, more profound joys of reading, this strikes a chord.

Lewis's larger intellectual goal of bridging the gap between the everyday and the eternal is also reflected in the book. Though he stays away from dogma and concentrates on common human experiences, his Christian faith subtly influences his opinions, as seen in allusions to the Gospels or the moral implications of stories. For this reason, "The Reading Life" is a good match for his more overtly narrative or theological writings.

"The Reading Life" is a delightful, if not revolutionary, contribution to the legacy of C.S. Lewis. With its blend of poetic reflections on the power of literature and practical advice (e.g., prioritize the old and reread what you love), it provides a window into his lifelong love affair with books. Although readers looking for a completely unique work might not find it satisfying, it is a successful short, motivational manual for book lovers. This book is a sincere affirmation of the pleasures and rewards of the reading life for people who agree with Lewis that "those of us who have been true readers all our life seldom fully realize the enormous extension of our being which we owe to authors."

Covert Cultural Salvager

Too Loud a Solitude 

by Bohumil Hrabal

“I can be by myself because I'm never lonely; I'm simply alone, living in my heavily populated solitude, a harum-scarum of infinity and eternity, and Infinity and Eternity seem to take a liking to the likes of me.” ― Bohumil Hrabal, Too Loud a Solitude

Too Loud a Solitude by Bohumil Hrabal is a compact yet profound novella that blends dark humor, existential reflection, and a tender love for literature into a unique reading experience. Published in 1976 and translated from Czech, this slim work—only 98 pages in my paperback edition—packs a surprising emotional and philosophical punch.

The narrative centers on Hantá, an elderly, reclusive man who has run a wastepaper compactor in Prague for 35 years. Under the careful supervision of the communist regime, his job is to destroy books—tons of them—pulped into oblivion. Hantá, however, is more than just a worker; he is a covert cultural salvager who saves books from the press and hoards them in his small apartment until the ceiling creaks with their weight. He reflects on his life, his lost love, and the unrelenting advance of modernity that threatens his peaceful, bookish existence, giving us a mixture of absurdity and melancholy through his peculiar, stream-of-consciousness narration.

Hrabal's prose, as translated into English by Michael Henry Heim, is remarkable; it is lyrical, dense, and purposefully repetitive, reflecting Hantá's compulsive thoughts. The text has a hypnotic rhythm due to recurring phrases like "I am a jug filled with water, both magic and plain." The story veers between memory, philosophy, and detailed descriptions of Hantá's grimy work, such as the rats he fights or the "beautiful" bales of compressed paper he carefully crafts, so it is not an easy read for those who prefer linear storytelling. However, if you embrace its rhythm, it is strangely captivating.

The book's themes include the fragility of knowledge in a world where censorship is common, the conflict between tradition and progress, and the quiet dignity of a marginalized life. The regime's contempt for books stands in stark contrast to Hantá's admiration for them, claiming to be "educated" by the passages he reads before they are destroyed. His dual roles as a destroyer and a preserver are tragically ironic, and Hrabal makes the most of it. The novella also pays homage to Czech absurdism and Kafka, but it is less depressing because of Hantá's humor and little acts of defiance.

Up until the shocking conclusion, which I will not give away but will say feels both inevitable and eerie, it is more of a character study than a narrative with a distinct arc. Wrapped in a voice so unique that it lingers long after the last page, it is a love letter to books and a middle finger to those who would burn them. It is a gem if you enjoy eccentric, introspective books and do not mind a slow burn. I and you as well may enjoy it with a strong beverage—Hantá would be pleased, considering how often his thoughts are dripping with beer.

Shadows of Our Past

Quichotte 

by Salman Rushdie

“We walk unknowing amid the shadows of our past and, forgetting our history, are ignorant of ourselves." ― Salman Rushdie, Quichotte

Salman Rushdie's Quichotte is a sophisticated and incredibly creative book that presents a modern interpretation of Cervantes' beloved Don Quixote. The book explores themes of fiction, reality, and the impact of mass media as it reimagines Don Quixote for the contemporary era. It is a satire of modern American culture, specifically the overabundance of social media and television and the fuzziness of the distinction between fact and fiction.

The novel uses a story inside a story, creating a multi-layered narrative. Quichotte, a traveling salesman who develops an obsession with a TV personality, is a character created by author Sam DuChamp. Rushdie is able to examine the nature of storytelling itself as well as the relationship between author and character thanks to this metafictional framework. The novel addresses a wide range of current issues, such as the opioid crisis, political polarization, the influence of media on perception, and the pursuit of love and connection in a fractured world. The narrative explores how unreality contaminates reality.

Rushdie's signature style is on full display, with its blend of magical realism, satire, and playful language. The novel is filled with literary references and allusions. While I did not agree with all of the opinions expressed in the novel, I would agree that the book is often a very relevant commentary on the current state of society. In essence, "Quichotte" is a bold and ambitious novel that challenges readers to question the nature of reality and the power of storytelling.

Survival of an Author

Knife: 

Meditations After an Attempted Murder 

by Salman Rushdie

“we would not be who we are today without the calamities of our yesterdays.”   ― Salman Rushdie, Knife: Meditations After an Attempted Murder

Salman Rushdie’s Knife: Meditations After an Attempted Murder is a raw and introspective memoir that chronicles the author’s survival of a near-fatal stabbing in August 2022, as well as his reflections on life, art, and freedom in its aftermath. Written with one eye and limited use of one hand due to injuries sustained in the attack, the book is a personal reflection as well as a more general reflection on the forces that have influenced Rushdie's life, particularly the fatwa that was issued against him in 1989 after The Satanic Verses was published.

Rushdie opens with the brutal irony of the attack at the Chautauqua Institution, where he was getting ready to give a speech about defending writers from harm. He was stabbed 15 times in 27 seconds by a man in black who hurried onto the stage, leaving him partially paralyzed and blind in one eye. Gripping and unflinching, the first chapters describe the physical trauma and the immediate aftermath in a way that is both horrific and compassionate. Rushdie's ability to inject humor into this gloom—wailing over the destruction of his Ralph Lauren suit in the midst of the mayhem—gives a hint of his tenacity and unique voice.

The memoir unfolds in two broad movements: the attack and recovery, followed by a more reflective exploration of its meaning. Rushdie doesn’t dwell excessively on The Satanic Verses controversy, asserting that the assault by his attacker (referred to only as “the A”) wasn’t truly about that book—the assailant had barely read it. Instead, he frames the incident as a collision of personal and civilizational forces—a loner’s misguided rage intersecting with decades of ideological tension. This is where Knife shines as a literary work: Rushdie uses his novelist’s eye to probe the absurdity and tragedy of the event, imagining conversations with his attacker to grapple with motives that remain opaque.

Stylistically, the book is quintessential Rushdie—long, winding sentences peppered with literary allusions, from Shakespeare to Beckett, and a playful yet pointed use of language (e.g., calling his assailant “the Asinine man”). The prose is often lyrical and profound, especially when he reflects on love—particularly for his wife, Eliza Griffiths, whose support anchors his healing—or the power of art to defy violence.

In the end, Knife is Rushdie reclaiming his narrative—refusing to be defined solely as a victim. It’s not his deepest work philosophically, nor his most polished, but it’s among his most human. For readers new to Rushdie, it’s an accessible entry into his world; for longtime fans, it’s a testament to his enduring spirit. As he writes, “Language was my knife”—and with it, he carves meaning from chaos.

Escape into Secrets

Secretly Inside 

by Hans Warren

"a city boy, a student, his clothing smart, in these surroundings almost elegant. . . He looked frightened: what am I doing here?" - Hans Warren

"Secretly Inside" by Hans Warren is a novel that delves into the complexities of human relationships during the fraught period of Nazi-occupied Holland. The book is set in the Dutch countryside during World War II, providing a backdrop of tension and uncertainty. It explores the experience of a Jewish man, Ed, forced into hiding and the precariousness of his situation. The novel examines the nuances of human behavior, revealing that appearances can be deceptive. The family that shelters Ed is not as uniformly benevolent as they initially seem.

It addresses themes of repressed emotions and hidden desires, especially in the setting of a dangerous and constrictive environment. The book also touches on the psychological impact of war and the ways in which it can distort and intensify personal relationships. It also contains themes of homosexual relationships and the complications that those relationships had during that time period.

With their shifting allegiances and covert goals, Ed's interactions with the family members are at the heart of the story. The book explores the emotional turmoil of the characters, including grief, desire, and fear. In conclusion, "Secretly Inside" offers a nuanced portrayal of life under Nazi occupation, focusing on the intimate experiences of individuals rather than grand historical narratives. It is a story that brings to light the hidden emotions that people hold and how those emotions can effect their actions.

I found it to be a compelling novel that blends historical fiction with psychological depth, offering a thought-provoking exploration of human nature in a time of crisis.

Expressing the Inexpressible

Culture and Value 

by Ludwig Wittgenstein

“Perhaps what is inexpressible (what I find mysterious and am not able to express) is the background against which whatever I could express has its meaning."  ― Ludwig Wittgenstein, Culture and Value

Culture and Value by Wittgenstein, translated by Peter Winch, presents a collection of his remarks on culture and value, including thoughts on art, music, religion, and other cultural areas, presented chronologically with the German text alongside the English translation and a subject index.
The book comprises Wittgenstein's notes and remarks on various aspects of culture and value, including art, music, religion, and literature. The entries are presented chronologically, with both the German and English texts side-by-side and a subject index for easy reference.

Wittgenstein discusses Christianity, stating it is not based on historical truth but offers a narrative to be believed, regardless of historical accuracy. The book includes Wittgenstein's thoughts on Shakespeare, contrasting his character depictions with those of Tolstoy. Wittgenstein lists individuals who influenced him, including Boltzmann, Hertz, Schopenhauer, Frege, Russell, and others. "Culture and Value" provides valuable insights into Wittgenstein's philosophical thinking beyond his formal works. The book offers a glimpse into his personal reflections and observations on cultural phenomena. It allows for a deeper understanding of Wittgenstein's broader philosophical framework.

Remarkably, many of the statements made throughout the text can be taken at face value without any additional context. Ultimately, Culture and Value is a great addition to the Wittgenstein Corpus because these comments can also help readers better understand Wittgenstein's philosophy.

Density of a Dream

The Book of Evidence 

by John Banville

“I was estranged from myself and all that I had once supposed I was. My life up to now had only the weightless density of a dream. When I thought about my past, it was like thinking of what someone else had been—someone I had never met but whose history I knew by heart. It all seemed no more than a vivid fiction." ― John Banville, The Book of Evidence




This book introduced me to John Banville, one of my favorite writers, even though it is not my favorite of his novels. The story is told by 38-year-old scientist Freddie Montgomery, who kills a servant girl while trying to take a painting from a neighbor. Freddie is an aimless drifter, and though he is a perceptive observer of himself and his surroundings, he is largely amoral. In addition to recounting his life story, he is an untrustworthy narrator who describes how he was arrested for the murder of a servant girl in one of Ireland's "big houses." After running afoul of a gangster in the Mediterranean, Freddie, a sophisticated but slouched Anglo-Irish scientist who has lived overseas for many years, returns to his ancestral home in search of money. Shocked to discover that his mother has sold the family's collection of paintings, Freddie attempts to recover them. This leads to a tragic series of events culminating in Freddie's killing of a maid while stealing a painting. On the run, he hides out in the house of an old family friend, Charlie, a man of some influence, before being arrested and interrogated.

Because Banville, like Ford Madox Ford, has cleverly constructed a novel about sex, betrayal, and self-deception—a novel whose narrator's testimony is notoriously unreliable and laced with internal contradictions—it made me think of one of the best books I have read and reread, Ford Madox Ford's The Good Soldier. Mr. Banville's book also recalls other, mostly French, novels, among them Andre Gide's The Immoralist (which, like Mr. Banville's book, depicts the consequences of sexual repression) and Albert Camus's The Stranger (which concerns a senseless murder).

Shifting Perspectives

In Pale Battalions 

by Robert Goddard

“The dream of yesterday is the hope of today and the reality of tomorrow."  ― Robert Goddard








"In Pale Battalions" by Robert Goddard is a captivating and intricately plotted novel that weaves together elements of historical fiction, mystery, and family drama. Goddard’s second novel showcases his early mastery of suspenseful storytelling and his ability to craft complex narratives that keep readers guessing until the final pages. Set against the backdrop of World War I and spanning several decades, the book explores themes of secrets, deception, trust, and the long-reaching consequences of hidden truths.

The narrative opens with Leonora Galloway and her daughter Penelope touring France's Thiepval Memorial, a monument honoring the Somme's dead. There, Leonora reveals a puzzling detail: her father, Captain John Hallows, is listed as having died in April 1916, yet she was born in March 1917, making it impossible for him to be her biological father. This revelation sets the stage for a multi-generational tale that unfolds through shifting perspectives and timelines, pulling readers into a web of family secrets centered around the Meongate estate in Hampshire.

The story explores Leonora's early years, which were characterized by the controlling influence of her cunning step-grandmother Olivia and the aloof demeanor of her grandfather, Lord Powerstock. As an orphan raised in a household steeped in mystery, Leonora’s quest for the truth about her parentage drives the story forward. Lieutenant Tom Franklin, a friend of John Hallows and a wounded soldier, joins the story and, while recovering at Meongate in 1916, discovers a complex web of deceit, extortion, and murder. Characters like the scheming Olivia, the enigmatic American Ralph Mompesson, and the vulnerable yet resilient Leonora Hallows add depth and tension to the unfolding drama.

The author's careful plotting and poetic prose are exquisite. The novel’s structure—told through multiple narrators, each revealing partial truths—mirrors the elusive nature of the mystery itself and kept me engaged as I pieced together the puzzle. The World War I setting serves not just as a backdrop but as a catalyst for the moral ambiguities and identity crises that permeate the story.

Leader and Wise Man

And There Was Light: 

Abraham Lincoln 

and the American Struggle 

by Jon Meacham

“Once, when a Republican congressman from Massachusetts accused Lincoln of having changed his mind, Lincoln replied, “Yes, I have; and I don’t think much of a man who is not wiser today than he was yesterday."  ― Jon Meacham, And There Was Light: Abraham Lincoln and the American Struggle





The focus of the book is Lincoln's political and personal development, from a practical politician who at first supported union over abolition to a leader who issued the Emancipation Proclamation and struggled with slavery, America's original sin. Meacham frames Lincoln as a flawed yet profoundly moral figure, shaped by his faith, reason, and the turbulent times. Meacham uses Lincoln's own words—from letters, speeches, and lesser-known works—to weave together a larger story about democracy and human dignity while highlighting significant events like the Gettysburg Address and the Lincoln-Douglas debates in 1858.

The book impressed me with its depth and readability. Meacham's elegant and approachable prose gives difficult historical and moral issues a sense of urgency and relatability. He connects Lincoln’s struggles to modern debates about race, justice, and leadership, a hallmark of his style that some find insightful and others occasionally heavy-handed. The book doesn’t shy away from Lincoln’s contradictions—his early ambivalence about immediate abolition and his support for colonizing freed Black Americans abroad—offering a nuanced view that avoids hagiography.

Stereotypical Downturns

Demon Copperhead 

by Barbara Kingsolver

“At the time, I thought my life couldn’t get any worse. Here’s some advice: Don’t ever think that.” ― Barbara Kingsolver, Demon Copperhead

I found the first-person narrator to be annoying and the book to be tedious. I did not find it impressive that David Copperfield was used as the story's model. The story takes a number of depressing turns, such as a stay in a horrifying foster home where Demon is essentially starved. The portrayal of Appalachian life leans into stereotypes; I felt the depiction did not truly capture the diversity of experiences in such communities, and it simplifies them into a narrative of poverty and addiction.

Greek Lyrics

Pure Pagan: Seven Centuries of Greek Poems and Fragments 

by Burton Raffel

“EUROPA Europa costs you a dollar. No one cares, including her. She’s got clean sheets and a fire in winter. Why bother Becoming a bull, O Zeus!”  ― Burton Raffel, Pure Pagan: Seven Centuries of Greek Poems and Fragments

One of my favorite poet-translators, Burton Raffel, translated these Greek lyrics. Through their poetry, the poets in this anthology offer a window into ancient Greek culture. Among them are the very obscure to the somewhat less obscure, with a few familiar names like Plato. There are poems and fragments of poems for everyone's taste. Reading them, I enjoyed making connections with my own life and our twenty-first century culture. Seeing how these ancient poets influenced some of our greatest contemporary poets was also fascinating. 

"Pure Pagan" is celebrated for its role in bringing obscure Greek poetry to light, offering readers a glimpse into the diverse voices of ancient Greece. I appreciate Raffel's modern interpretation. Because of its wide range of selection and lively, if occasionally contentious, translation style, it is a great addition for anyone interested in ancient poetry. Overall, it is a beautiful selection of poetry.

If you're interested in exploring ancient Greek poetry through a contemporary lens, this book might serve as an engaging introduction or a complementary read to more traditional translations. However, for those seeking a translation closer to the original rhythm and tone, opinions suggest looking at other translators' works as well.

Caught in the Crossfire

What Maisie Knew 

by Henry James

“She took refuge on the firm ground of fiction, through which indeed there curled the blue river of truth."  ― Henry James, What Maisie Knew

Even though some of James' fiction can be difficult to understand, Maisie is comparatively simple to follow, though you may need to read a sentence again to fully understand it. Reading some of James' sentences is like hang-gliding from the first word to the period—you take in so much information along the way that you're likely to get a bit giddy.

Maisie, a young child caught in the crossfire of her parents' acrimonious divorce, is the protagonist of the book. Used as a pawn in their manipulative games, Maisie is shuttled between her self-absorbed mother, Ida, and her charming but irresponsible father, Beale. As her parents remarry, Maisie becomes entangled in the lives of her new stepparents—Sir Claude and Mrs. Beale (formerly Miss Overmore)—and their own web of romantic and moral entanglements. Through Maisie’s innocent yet increasingly perceptive eyes, James examines the moral decay of the adults around her and her gradual understanding of their flaws.

Maisie begins as a naive child but is exposed to the selfish and immoral behavior of the adults in her life. James masterfully explores how innocence can coexist with an intuitive understanding of human flaws. The novel challenges traditional notions of right and wrong as the adults justify their actions while neglecting Maisie’s well-being. James uses Maisie’s limited but evolving perspective to create a layered narrative, forcing readers to piece together the truth behind the adults’ behavior.

The story of the sensitive daughter of divorced and irresponsible parents, What Maisie Knew, has great contemporary relevance as an unflinching account of a wildly dysfunctional family. The book is also a masterly technical achievement by James, as it follows the title character from earliest childhood to precocious maturity. It's not surprising from the book's title that knowledge and education form a major theme in it. Her keen observation of the irresponsible behavior of almost all the adults she lives with eventually persuades her to rely on her most devoted friend, Mrs. Wix, even though the frumpy governess is by far the least superficially attractive adult in her life. The novel is also a thoroughgoing condemnation of parents and guardians abandoning their responsibilities towards their children. James saw English society as becoming more corrupt and decadent, and What Maisie Knew is one of his harshest indictments of those who can't be bothered to live responsible lives. It might seem that such a book would become almost unbearably grim. But James leavens the sorry doings with a generous dose of admittedly dark humor.

The act of writing to James was a highly delicate operation, as if he were building a house of cards, and the least slip would ruin the design. Though Maisie is not a perfect book, it is filled with James' elaborate literary feats, those suspenseful sleights of hand that always induce pleasurable gasps at each successful intellectual vibration.

Growing up Gay

The Beautiful Room Is Empty 

by Edmund White

“And William laughed with his special blend of mischief, compounded of humor, spite, and sadness in a ratio even he wasn't sure of but that he mixed by feel."  - Edmund White, The Beautiful Room Is Empty

Edmund White's semi-autobiographical book "The Beautiful Room Is Empty" chronicles the experiences of a young gay man growing up in the 1950s and 1960s, leading up to the Stonewall Riots in 1969.

The narrative follows the protagonist from his preparatory school days through his college years and into the burgeoning gay culture of New York City. It's a journey of self-discovery, marked by the protagonist's struggle with his sexual identity in a repressive society, his attempts at psychoanalysis to "cure" his homosexuality, and his eventual acceptance and celebration of his identity.

The narrative focuses on themes of identity, alienation, the search for belonging, and the transformation of gay culture during a pivotal time in American history. The novel paints a vivid picture of the era's social constraints and the personal and collective liberation that followed. White's prose is often eloquent, with a particular emphasis on the richness of language and the emotional depth of the narrative. His storytelling has candor, intelligence, and humor, even when addressing the painful aspects of oppression and self-acceptance.

White has an ability to convey the loneliness and subsequent fulfillment of coming out. The book has a literary quality and an honest portrayal of gay life in mid-20th-century America. As part of White's autobiographical trilogy, it is often compared to "A Boy's Own Story," its predecessor. While both are celebrated, "The Beautiful Room Is Empty" can seem slightly less engaging due to its different stylistic choices and the protagonist's more introspective, sometimes self-conscious, narrative voice.

"The Beautiful Room Is Empty" stands as a significant work in the landscape of American literature, particularly within the context of gay narratives. It offers not only a historical snapshot of gay life before and during the Stonewall era but also a compelling personal journey through the complexities of identity. For those interested in literature that explores themes of self-discovery, societal change, and the nuances of love and sexuality, this book is highly recommended. However, readers should be prepared for a narrative that is both introspective and, at times, self-critical, reflecting the protagonist's internal struggle with the external world.

Meditation on Mortality

Small Rain 

by Garth Greenwell

“Read it again, read it more slowly, that was the whole of my pedagogy when I taught my students, who were pressured everywhere else to be more efficient, to take in information more quickly, to make each moment count, to instrumentalize time, which is a terrible way to live, dehumanizing, it disfigures existence.”   ― Garth Greenwell, Small Rain






Set in the COVID-19 era, this novel explores the physicality of suffering as its protagonist, an unnamed poet, is admitted to the intensive care unit after suffering a serious medical crisis. The book focuses on an examination of the American healthcare system, the nature of pain, and the search for meaning and connection amidst suffering. It is both a meditation on mortality and a love story, highlighting the unexpected intimacies that can develop in such extreme circumstances.

Because of its lyrical quality, philosophical asides, and ability to convey the narrator's consciousness, I thought Greenwell's prose was unique. The narrative style is introspective, focusing on the internal experience of the protagonist, which contrasts with the external environment of the hospital. His prose style had a unique aspect in that he referred to characters with merely the first letter of their name.

"Small Rain" pushed the limits of narrative structure by emphasizing the internal rather than the external, and I found it to have a complex depiction of illness and an intriguing character study. I enjoyed it's departure from and extension of Greenwell's earlier works, focusing on different aspects of human experience but with the same meticulous and poetic prose.

Living in Music

Every Good Boy Does Fine: 

A Love Story in Music Lessons

by Jeremy Denk

“And what else is music but a space for us to live in, for a while.”   ― Jeremy Denk, Every Good Boy Does Fine: A Love Story, in Music Lessons

In his memoir, Denk details his path from taking his first piano lessons in New Jersey to graduating from Juilliard with a doctorate. It is a coming-of-age tale that weaves together his development in comprehending different kinds of love—for music, family, friends, and romantic partners—rather than merely recounting his musical education.

The book delves into the intricacies of learning piano, highlighting the passion, frustration, and joy of mastering classical music. Denk discusses his lessons, teachers, and the pivotal moments that shaped his career, giving readers a vivid picture of what it takes to become a virtuoso.

In addition to discussing his musical journey, Denk offers personal tales that offer insights into his identity, familial relationships, and emotional growth. His narrative style is both humorous and poignant, offering readers a deeply personal look at his life.

Denk is renowned for his ability to simplify difficult musical ideas in his writing. He uses metaphors and personal stories to explain musical theory, making his reflections on harmony, melody, and rhythm both educational and engaging.

This memoir is for you if you enjoy classical music and, even better, are a piano player. Jeremy Denk has managed to combine a tour of classical music for the piano with a very personal memoir of his life as both a student and performer of that music. The result is a unique journey for the reader.

Lacking any Quality of Mercy

An Unfortunate Woman: A Journey 

by Richard Brautigan

"It is around noon and the heat is oppressing and the sun shines down lacking any quality of mercy."   - Richard Brautigan, An Unfortunate Woman: A Journey

The book is structured as a semi-autobiographical journal, chronicling the travels of its narrator, who is closely modeled after Brautigan himself. Brautigan's narrative style reflects his characteristic wit, irony, and poetic prose. The journey is not just geographical but also an introspective one, marked by digressions and reflections rather than a linear plot. The episodic nature of the entries, spanning from January to June 1982, captures the whimsy and randomness of life, yet they cover themes of mortality, depression, and solitude.

Central to the book's thematic exploration is the shadow of death. Brautigan's protagonist navigates through the aftermath of the suicide of a woman he knew, whose home he temporarily occupies, and the death of a friend from cancer. These events cast a melancholic tone over the narrative, mirroring Brautigan's own struggles with depression, alcoholism, and his contemplation of mortality. This personal connection makes the book an eerie foreshadowing of the author's own suicide in 1984.

Despite its dark themes, "An Unfortunate Woman" retains Brautigan's signature humor and irony. His ability to find the absurd in the mundane, like describing a chicken in Hawaii or a courtroom scene for forgetting when one last wrote, provides a counterbalance to the narrative's inherent sadness. This juxtaposition of humor against despair showcases Brautigan's complex engagement with the human condition.

The novel serves as a personal document, offering glimpses into Brautigan's life during his final years. It's a raw, sometimes painful look at a man grappling with his identity, his past, and his imminent end. For Brautigan's fans, this book is a treasure, providing not just entertainment but a deeper understanding of the man behind the literary persona. His daughter, Ianthe Brautigan, found and later advocated for its publication, recognizing its value as a piece of her father's best work.

Sonnet for a Winter Day

 

 Sonnet 97: How like a winter hath my absence been

By William Shakespeare

How like a winter hath my absence been

From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year!

What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen!

What old December's bareness everywhere!

And yet this time remov'd was summer's time,

The teeming autumn, big with rich increase,

Bearing the wanton burthen of the prime,

Like widow'd wombs after their lords' decease:

Yet this abundant issue seem'd to me

But hope of orphans and unfather'd fruit;

For summer and his pleasures wait on thee,

And thou away, the very birds are mute;

Or if they sing, 'tis with so dull a cheer

That leaves look pale, dreading the winter's near.

Poem for Today

 Robert Browning 

from "Memorabilia"

Ah, did you once see Shelley plain,

  And did he stop and speak to you

And did you speak to him again?

  How strange it seems and new!

 

Enigmatic Character

• A Lost Lady 
• by Willa Cather

“She had always the power of suggesting things much lovelier than herself, as the perfume of a single flower may call up the whole sweetness of spring.”
― Willa Cather, A Lost Lady







This novella is hardly more than a sketch of a character. The brilliance of Cather’s prose is demonstrated in her portrayal of Marian Forrester, the high-spirited wife of one of the great pioneers and railroad builders. There are also historical implications of Cather’s fable. These are enhanced by the enigmatic and ambiguous elements in Mrs. Forrester’s portrait. On the surface, Marian Forrester belongs to Cather’s long line of restless, magnetic, intelligent women, like Alexandra Bergson, who grows wealthy farming the virgin land in O Pioneers! (1913), Thea Kronborg, the Swedish girl who becomes a famous opera singer in The Song of the Lark (1915), and Ántonia Shimerda, the heroine of My Ántonia (1918), who survives tragedy and abandonment to become the mother of many children, “a rich mine of life, like the founders of early races.”

One may view A Lost Lady as a brilliant epilogue to Cather’s famous pioneer novels; however, it has a different tone, not heroic and optimistic like the Whitmanesque O Pioneers! but bittersweet and retrospective like Edith Wharton’s Age of Innocence. As one who loves Cather's beautiful writing style, I found this a touching taste from her pen.

Aging and Love

Like Death 

by Guy de Maupassant

“Words dazzle and deceive because they are mimed by the face. But black words on a white page are the soul laid bare.” ― Guy de Maupassant

The novel centers around Olivier Bertin, a famous Parisian painter, and his relationship with the Countess Ann de Guilleroy. The story explores themes of aging, love, and the passage of time. Bertin, once the lover of the Countess when she was young, now sees her daughter, who resembles her mother in youth, leading to complex emotions and reflections on mortality and beauty.

Maupassant delves deeply into themes of vanity, the fear of aging, and the unavoidable decline of youth and beauty, all of which are well captured in the translation. Howard's choice of words and phrases illuminates the internal conflicts of Bertin, reflecting on his own aging process alongside the aging of his muse, the Countess. Through Howard's translation, the psychological complexity of the characters is well preserved. The reader feels Bertin's turmoil, the Countess's resignation, and the innocent yet disruptive presence of her daughter.

The book excels in its atmospheric descriptions of Parisian life and its exploration of the human condition. I enjoyed Richard Howard's translation for its elegant and fluid prose, capturing the nuanced and often melancholic tone of Maupassant's original text. Howard maintains the 19th-century French literary style while making it accessible to contemporary English readers. He adds to this by bringing forth the lyrical and poetic elements of Maupassant's writing.

For those interested in classic French literature, the study of aging, or simply in beautifully crafted translations, "Like Death" in Howard's rendition is a profound read. It's particularly recommended for fans of Maupassant or those who appreciate psychological depth in literature.

Destroyed Illusions

Under Western Eyes 

by Joseph Conrad

“I am quite willing to be the blind instrument of higher ends. To give one's life for the cause is nothing. But to have one's illusions destroyed - that is really almost more than one can bear.”   ― Joseph Conrad, Under Western Eyes

Under Western Eyes by Joseph Conrad is a sophisticated book that explores issues of morality, personal identity, political intrigue, and the conflict between personal conscience and obligation. The novel centers around Razumov, a student in St. Petersburg, who gets entangled in revolutionary politics following the assassination of a Tsarist official by a fellow student, Victor Haldin. Despite his initial apolitical stance, Razumov betrays Haldin to the authorities, which sets off a chain of events that explores his internal and external conflicts.

Razumov's journey is largely about his struggle with his identity. He betrays Haldin not only out of fear but also to align himself with what he perceives as an ordered, rational society over the chaos of revolution. This betrayal haunts him, leading to a profound identity crisis. The novel contrasts the oppressive autocracy of Tsarist Russia with the chaotic, often naive idealism of the revolutionaries. Conrad does not glorify either side, instead presenting a nuanced view where both systems are flawed.

The narrative is framed by an English language teacher in Geneva who tells Razumov's story, providing a "Western eyes" perspective on Russian politics and psychology. This framing questions the understanding, or misunderstanding, of Eastern European issues by Western observers. Conrad explores the gray areas of morality. Characters like Razumov and Sophia Antonovna (Haldin's mother) are not simply good or bad but are shown with their human complexities, making moral judgments difficult. Razumov experiences profound isolation, both self-imposed and imposed by his actions. His alienation peaks in Geneva, where he meets the Russian émigré community yet remains an outsider due to his secret guilt.

Conrad's writing is deep, contemplative, and introspective, with a strong emphasis on his characters' mental states. His use of an unreliable narrator challenges readers to consider the veracity of the story by adding layers of interpretation to the text. Under Western Eyes demonstrates psychological depth while depicting Russian characters through a Western lens. It can be seen as a critique of both Russian autocracy and revolutionary zeal while also reflecting on the nature of storytelling and truth.

I found that the novel remains relevant for its exploration of political and personal betrayal, the clash of ideologies, and the human condition's moral dilemmas. It's a text that invites readers to ponder how political actions intertwine with personal ethics and identity, viewed through the complex lens of "Western eyes."

No Sanctuary at University

I Am Charlotte Simmons 

by Tom Wolfe

“Loneliness wasn't just a state of mind, was it? It was tactile. She could feel it. It was a sixth sense, not in some fanciful play of words, but physically. It hurt... it hurt like phagocytes devouring the white matter of her brain. It was merely that she had no friends. She didn't even have a sanctuary in which she could simply be alone.” ― Tom Wolfe, I Am Charlotte Simmons







The story follows Charlotte Simmons, a brilliant student from a small, rural North Carolina town, who wins a scholarship to the prestigious Dupont University. Her arrival at Dupont plunges her into a world of social hierarchies, Greek life, athletics, and intellectual snobbery, which contrasts with her sheltered upbringing. The narrative explores her journey through loss of innocence, identity, and the struggle to maintain her academic and moral integrity amidst a culture that seems to value superficial achievements and social status over genuine learning and character.
Charlotte's journey is one of self-discovery and transformation. The novel examines how individuals adapt or succumb to the pressures of their environment, questioning what it means to stay true to oneself in the face of overwhelming social forces. Wolfe critiques the American elite education system, portraying Dupont as a microcosm of broader societal issues around class, privilege, and the commodification of education. The novel tackles themes of sexual politics on campus, including consent, reputation, and the power dynamics in relationships. Wolfe suggests a critique of the meritocratic myth by showing how success at Dupont often correlates more with social manipulation or athletic prowess than with academic merit.
Wolfe's characters are vivid, often exaggerated for effect, which is a hallmark of his satirical style. Charlotte is both naive and intelligent, serving as an observer through whom readers experience the university's culture shock. Supporting characters like Hoyt Thorpe, the charismatic athlete, and Jojo Johanssen, the basketball star, are caricatures of certain societal types, used to highlight the novel's themes.
The novel excels in its critique of modern academia and its portrayal of the loss of innocence in a supposedly enlightened environment. Wolfe's satirical edge is sharp, providing both entertainment and food for thought. Wolfe's depiction of college life can seem overly cynical or one-dimensional, particularly his treatment of female characters and campus sexual culture. The narrative might also feel dated to some readers given changes in university culture since its publication in 2004.
I found it a provocative and engaging read for anyone interested in a satirical take on higher education in America, especially for readers who enjoy character-driven stories with a keen eye for social commentary.

Unhappiness or Happiness?

The Fraud 

by Zadie Smith

“What possesses people? Unhappiness, always. Happiness is otherwise occupied. It has an object on which to focus. It has daisies, it has snowdrifts. Unhappiness opens up the void, which then requires filling.”   ― Zadie Smith, The Fraud

The book centers on the life of Eliza Touchet, a housekeeper and muse to her cousin by marriage, novelist William Ainsworth, and is set in Victorian England, mostly in London. The Tichborne case, in which an Australian butcher poses as Sir Roger Tichborne, a long-lost aristocrat thought to have perished in a shipwreck, intrigues Eliza.

The Tichborne case serves as a lens to explore class mobility, identity, and the fluidity of social status in Victorian society. The book explores the nature of truth, how people view it, and how it is shaped in social and legal settings. It critiques the literary scene, contrasting the lives and works of real historical figures like Dickens with fictional characters, examining fame, ambition, and the legacy of literature.

Smith employs a narrative rich with dialogue, internal monologues, and varied perspectives, allowing readers to see the events through different eyes. Her writing is renowned for its depth, humor, and skill at fusing contemporary commentary with historical detail.

The book doesn't resolve the Tichborne case in a straightforward manner but uses it to explore broader questions about human nature, society, and storytelling. Eliza's journey through this saga reflects on her own life's fraudulence or authenticity in the roles she plays within her family and society.

Virtue is no Excuse

The Comedians 

by Graham Greene

“Perhaps the sexual life is the great test. If we can survive it with charity to those we love and with affection to those we have betrayed, we needn't worry so much about the good and the bad in us. But jealousy, distrust, cruelty, revenge, and recrimination ... then we fail. The wrong is in that failure, even if we are the victims and not the executioners. Virtue is no excuse.” ― Graham Greene, The Comedians




The book, which is set in the politically oppressive 1960s Haiti, portrays the terror and corruption that were hallmarks of Duvalier's rule in striking detail. The real-life historical context provides a chilling backdrop, enhancing the sense of decay and moral ambiguity. The setting is described as both "a very real setting, time and situation" and a "shabby land of terror" where the narrative unfolds. Collectively referred to as "the comedians," the characters embody a microcosm of humanity navigating the absurdities of everyday life. Brown, potentially a reflection of Greene himself, is characterized by his rootless and non-committal approach to life, particularly in love. Jones, with his deceptive charm, and Smith, with his naivety and good intentions, add layers to the narrative, showcasing different facets of human folly and resilience.

Greene portrays life as a stage on which everyone performs their part, some more skillfully than others, by using dark humor and a morally somber tone. Along with examining issues of identity, purpose, and the human condition, the book offers a critical analysis of the political system, with a focus on American foreign policy. Greene's writing is often praised for its slick, engaging prose, though the narrative can feel a bit sloppy towards the end.

I found in "The Comedians" a layered narrative that combined Greene's signature dark humor with a sharp critique of political oppression and human nature, set in one of the most turbulent periods of Haitian history. While it might not be considered among Greene's greatest works, it remains a thought-provoking and engaging novel for its vivid portrayal of characters and setting.

Language and Wisdom

The Lord Chandos Letter and Other Writings 

by Hugo von Hofmannsthal

“I wanted to show that the fables and mythic tales that the ancients have handed down to us and in which painters and sculptors never cease to find mindless pleasure are the hieroglyphics of a secret, inexhaustible wisdom. I sometimes thought I felt its breath, as though coming from behind a veil.” ― Hugo von Hofmannsthal





"The Lord Chandos Letter," written by Hugo von Hofmannsthal in 1902, is a fictional piece in the form of a letter from Lord Philip Chandos to Francis Bacon, dated August 1603. The letter begins with Chandos acknowledging Bacon's concern about his lack of literary activity. Chandos, aged 26 at the time of writing, describes his profound crisis concerning language, where he has lost the ability to think or speak coherently about anything. He has abandoned future literary projects due to this crisis, feeling that words no longer have the capacity to convey the depth or truth of his experiences.

He once had grand literary plans but now finds them meaningless or unattainable. His crisis is detailed in stages, including the loss of academic discourse, the inability to engage in philosophical or moral discussions, and a disconnection from the beauty and significance he once found in literature. Chandos experiences moments of profound insight or connection with the world around him, often through simple, everyday objects or scenes. These moments, however, are inexpressible through language. He describes an intense, almost mystical experience where he feels a deep unity with nature, which he can't articulate.
The letter reflects broader themes of the crisis of language and meaning in early 20th-century literature, suggesting a disconnect between language and the direct experience of reality. This theme resonates with contemporary intellectual movements, including the influence of figures like Wittgenstein, who would later explore similar ideas about the limits of language.

While the letter is fiction, it's often interpreted as having autobiographical elements, reflecting Hofmannsthal's own literary crisis and his shift from poetry to drama and other forms.The narrative is set during a period of cultural transition, where the old order was giving way to industrial and modern society, which Hofmannsthal and his contemporaries saw as causing a crisis in expression and identity. I found it notable for its exploration of the inadequacy of language to capture the essence of human experience, a theme that would influence much of modern and postmodern literature.