Store of Days

Days Without End 

by Sebastian Barry

“A man’s memory might have only a hundred clear days in it and he has lived thousands. Can’t do much about that. We have our store of days and we spend them like forgetful drunkards.”   ― Sebastian Barry, Days Without End











The interwoven lives of Irish immigrant Thomas McNulty and his devoted friend John Cole are followed as they traverse the harsh realities of 19th-century America in this stirring and poetic book. Young Thomas, who is fleeing the Great Famine, meets John right away after arriving in America. They spend their formative years in a gritty mining town as cross-dressing dancers. They later join the American Army and fight in both the Civil War and the Indian Wars. Their intense love for one another and their adopted Sioux daughter, Winona, shines through the violence and adversity as a source of strength and hope. The book, which is told in Thomas's unique and moving voice, examines themes of love, loss, identity, and the terrible effects of prejudice and war.

I enjoyed Barry's exceptional writing style, finding it both poetic and visceral. The narration had a unique blend of wit, innocence, and profound wisdom. The novel is an unflinching portrayal of the Indian Wars and the Civil War, offering a fresh perspective on these tumultuous periods through the eyes of an Irish immigrant. But it is also a powerful love story: the deep and unconventional love between Thomas and John is a central element, one I found sincere in its tenderness and strength in the face of adversity.

Paths of Their Souls

Christ Stopped at Eboli: 

The Story of a Year 

by Carlo Levi

“The greatest travelers have not gone beyond the limits of their own world; they have trodden the paths of their own souls, of good and evil, of morality and redemption.” ― Carlo Levi, Christ Stopped at Eboli: The Story of a Year






The moving and powerful memoir "Christ Stopped at Eboli" by Carlo Levi provides a rare window into the lives of poor peasants in the isolated southern Italian region of Lucania (now Basilicata) during the Fascist era. Levi, a sophisticated urban intellectual, painter, and doctor from Turin, was exiled to this remote region in 1935–1936 for his anti-Fascist views. At first, he feels a great sense of cultural shock and alienation.

The region's sense of complete forgetfulness and isolation from civilization, progress, and even Christian compassion is reflected in the title, which is based on a local proverb. Levi eloquently describes a world that appears to have remained unaltered by time, where everyday life is governed by antiquated traditions, superstitions, and a pervasive fatalism. He painstakingly details the difficult terrain, the primitive way of life, the occurrence of malaria, and the intricate social networks of the peasant societies. I found the book to be a loving tribute to another place and time.

Literary Impressions

Old School 

by Tobias Wolff

“We even talked like Hemingway characters, though in travesty, as if to deny our discipleship: That is your bed, and it is a good bed, and you must make it and you must make it well. Or: Today is the day of the meatloaf. The meatloaf is swell. It is swell but when it is gone the not-having meatloaf will be tragic and the meatloaf man will not come anymore.” ― Tobias Wolff, Old School





Set in the sacred corridors of a prestigious New England boarding school in the early 1960s, Old School is a gripping book that explores the complexities of ambition, identity, and the enticing power of literature.  The narrative is told by an unidentified scholarship recipient, a gifted but insecure young man who is desperate to pursue a career in writing and is trying to find his place among his wealthy peers.

The main idea centers on the school's custom of inviting three well-known authors annually: Ernest Hemingway, Ayn Rand, and Robert Frost. Every visit includes a literary contest, with the winner receiving the coveted chance to meet the esteemed visitor. The narrator and his classmates' lives revolve around these visits and the competitions that follow, which exacerbates their fierce rivalry and highlights their weaknesses.

The narrator, who hides his working-class upbringing and Jewish ancestry, longs to be accepted. In an attempt to obtain a sort of "anointing" that will validate his destined greatness, he first looks to literary idols for validation. His interactions with Frost, and particularly the divisive Ayn Rand, have a profound impact on how he interprets literature and the life of the author. He becomes briefly enamored with Rand's philosophy of radical individualism but ultimately finds her worldview and characters unrealistic and cold. This leads him to a deeper appreciation for the nuanced humanity in Ernest Hemingway's work.

Nuggets of Wisdom

The Passionate State of Mind: 

And Other Aphorisms 

by Eric Hoffer

"Every intense desire is perhaps basically a desire to be different from what we are." - Eric Hoffer







This book is characterized by its concise and impactful statements. Each aphorism is a nugget of wisdom, often challenging conventional thinking and offering fresh perspectives on familiar themes. This format makes it a book that can be savored slowly, with each sentence prompting reflection. Hoffer's aphorisms are not always comforting or predictable. He often presents paradoxes and challenges readers to question their assumptions about themselves and the world around them.

One of the main themes, as the title implies, is how emotions, especially strong ones like passion, love, hate, fear, and vanity, influence both individual behavior and large-scale movements. Hoffer investigates the causes, expressions, and effects of these.

Hoffer's strength is his capacity to condense difficult concepts into straightforward but impactful assertions. He makes observations on a wide range of subjects, such as self-worth, leadership, creativity, social change, and the nature of belief, based on his extensive reading and firsthand experiences as a longshoreman.

Even though "The Passionate State of Mind" was written decades ago, its insights are still relevant today. His insights on the dynamics of social unrest, the pursuit of belonging, and fanaticism are still remarkably applicable today.

Poetic Thinking and Feeling

The Double Flame:    

Love and Eroticism 

by Octavio Paz

“To live is also to think, and sometimes to cross that border beyond which feeling and thinking become one: poetry. Meanwhile,”  ― Octavio Paz, The Double Flame: Essays on Love & Eroticism

Octavio Paz's The Double Flame is a lengthy examination and discussion that takes readers on a thorough tour through Western love history. Paz highlights the significance of Arabic culture during the so-called Dark Ages, travels to ancient Greece, Alexandria, and Rome, and documents the emergence and decline of Provençal poetry and culture during the Middle Ages. With particular appreciation for Surrealism's focus on exclusive love, he concludes his analysis in the modern era. He studies the philosophical and literary traditions of each period, occasionally examining particular poems in relation to eroticism and love. The importance of women's status in society is evident from his survey; as Paz states, "the history of love is inseparable from the history of the freedom of women." True love could not exist if a culture forbade women from actively participating in romantic relationships.

Paz is a literary and cultural critic in addition to being a cultural historian. His view of modern culture is rather pessimistic. He considers the current state of affairs to be pathetic since he feels that love cannot exist without respect for both the body and the soul. Capitalism has desecrated the body and turned it into a commercial tool, while the soul (or psyche) has been ignored or suppressed. Love is impossible if one does not have a soulful respect for the body and acknowledge the existence of the soul, which is what makes each person unique. Paz calls for a discussion between philosophers, artists, and scientists in order to revive the value of love in human culture. For the reader, this perspective on Eros and its past is both amusing and instructive.

Things Couldn't Be Righter

Will Grayson, Will Grayson 

by John Green

“Nothing's wrong. Everything's right. Things couldn't be righter. Things could be less tired. They could be less busy. They could be less caffeinated. But they couldn't be righter.”― John Green, Will Grayson, Will Grayson

I am reminded of how much things have changed by this book. This novel would not have been possible years ago, when homosexuality was not even discussed, much less celebrated, in high school. If you believe news reports about bullying and worse, it still seems a little bit like a fantasy. However, this is fiction, and it is written well. It tells the tale of two teenage boys named Will Grayson who lead very different lives and reside in different Chicago suburbs until their paths unexpectedly cross and result in a life-changing experience. The book switches between their points of view, with Levithan writing one chapter and Green writing the other, each of which reflects their unique voices and challenges.

John Green’s first Will Grayson is a humorous, self-deprecating man who lives by the maxim "don’t care too much," in part to keep his life simple and in part to avoid trouble. His best friend, Tiny Cooper—a larger-than-life, flamboyantly gay football player—drags him into a whirlwind of drama, including a musical Tiny’s producing about his own life. The second Will Grayson, penned by Levithan, is a darker, more introspective character battling depression, isolation, and a complicated relationship with his mother. He’s also grappling with his sexuality and a budding online romance with a boy named Isaac, which takes a sharp turn when they plan to meet in person.

The plot kicks off when the two Wills meet by chance in a porn store (a quirky, awkward setup that’s pure John Green). From there, their lives intertwine through Tiny, who becomes a bridge between their worlds. The story explores themes of identity, friendship, love, and self-acceptance, all wrapped in a mix of humor, heartache, and teenage messiness. Tiny’s musical, which culminates in a grand performance, serves as a literal and metaphorical stage for the characters to confront their feelings and grow.

The narrative demonstrates authentic dialogue and emotional depth. Green’s Will brings the sarcastic, nerdy charm fans of The Fault in Our Stars will recognize, while Levithan’s Will offers a raw, poetic look at mental health and queer identity. The collaboration shines in how seamlessly the two narratives blend, even with their tonal differences. Tiny Cooper is a standout—hilarious, over-the-top, and genuinely moving as he pushes both Wills to step out of their comfort zones.

That said, the book is not flawless. The premise of two kids with the same name meeting seems a bit contrived, and the musical subplot feels like it overshadows the quieter character moments. The ending, while uplifting, ties things up a little too neatly for a story about such messy lives. Still, it’s a fan favorite, often lauded for its heart and its unapologetic celebration of individuality.

Ancient Wisdom

Confucian Analects, 

The Great Learning & 

The Doctrine of the Mean 

by Confucius

“By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by reflection, which is noblest; Second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest.”
― Confucious

I have spent the last few weeks reading, thinking about, and contemplating James Legge's classic translation of Confucius, Confucian Analects, The Great Learning, and The Doctrine of the Mean. Confucius, who lived from 551 to 479 B.C., is the source of all works that have been condensed over centuries.

"The Analects of Confucius are the oldest complete intellectual and spiritual portrait of a man," Elias Canetti succinctly put it. It seems like a contemporary book. Additionally, this reader finds the book to be very un-Western and challenging to understand. Despite this, there are many similarities between western wisdom and Confucian thought. One of the most well-known theories is "reciprocity."

15.24 Zigong asked: "Is there any single word that could guide one's entire life?" The Master said, "Should it not be reciprocity? What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others." (Simon Leys trans., p 77)


The more well-known "Golden Rule," which states that one should "do unto others as one would have them do unto you," is complemented by that. One gains an appreciation for culture, family, and what appears to be a conservative view of man after reading the aphorisms. Additionally, it is a very humanistic and compassionate perspective on society.

Given the significant changes in Confucius's society during his lifetime, it appears that this was exactly what was required. He lived in a time of profound cultural upheaval. Like Western thinkers from Socrates to Gandhi, Confucius exuded confidence, which attracted people to him and his ideas. For what little we do have of Confucius' ideas, we can thank them. His ideas are condensed in these books and fragments, and I find them to be worth considering. This is a human treasure.

Mind and Body

Discourse on Method 

and Meditations on First Philosophy 

by René Descartes

“The reading of all good books is like conversation with the finest men of past centuries.” ― René Descartes

The foundational works of modern philosophy, René Descartes' Discourse on the Method (1637) and Meditations on First Philosophy (1641), signaled a dramatic turn toward rationalism and the growth of the scientific method. Their importance stems from Descartes' insistence that reason is the main source of knowledge, his systematic skepticism, and his effort to provide a solid basis for human comprehension.

Descartes describes his method of learning in Discourse on the Method, which is renowned for being summed up in the expression "Cogito, ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am"). Its autobiographical style and its introduction of a methodical approach to doubt—questioning everything that can be questioned—to arrive at certain truths make this work noteworthy. He suggests four guidelines for thinking clearly: break problems down into their component parts, start with the simple and work your way up to the complex, accept only what is clear and distinct, and thoroughly review. His contributions to mathematics, such as Cartesian coordinates, and his goal of using reason to bridge the gap between philosophy and science are also reflected in the Discourse.

Thoughts on the first philosophy begins by exploring metaphysics and epistemology in greater detail and expands on this. In order to arrive at the conviction that he is a thinking being, Descartes methodically questions his senses, the outside world, and even the existence of his own body through six meditations. He then makes the case for God's existence (using the ontological and causal arguments) and asserts that knowledge is based on distinct and unclouded perceptions, which are ensured by an unfaithful God. The mind-body dualism, which distinguishes the material body from the immaterial mind, is a topic that is still relevant in both philosophy and science.

For Book Lovers

The Reading Life: 

The Joy of Seeing New Worlds 

Through Others' Eyes 

by C.S. Lewis

“No book is really worth reading at the age of ten which is not equally – and often far more – worth reading at the age of fifty and beyond.” ― C.S. Lewis

C.S. Lewis's "The Reading Life: The Joy of Seeing New Worlds Through Others’ Eyes" is a carefully chosen compilation of his thoughts on reading, literature, and the creative potential of books rather than a single, coherent piece of writing. The book, which was edited by David C. Downing and Michael G. Maudlin, presents Lewis's ideas on the craft, meaning, and pleasure of reading by drawing from his vast collection of essays, letters, and other writings. With titles like "The Chronicles of Narnia," "Mere Christianity," and "The Screwtape Letters," this 2019 book gives readers an insight into the thoughts and writings of one of the most significant authors and thinkers of the 20th century. 

In addition to being a celebration of literature, the book demonstrates Lewis's continuing relevance. It captures his view that reading is an active interaction with concepts, feelings, and realities that influence our identities rather than a passive activity. According to Lewis, books are more than just items; they are also friends that encourage, challenge, and soothe us. In a time when digital distractions frequently eclipse the slower, more profound joys of reading, this strikes a chord.

Lewis's larger intellectual goal of bridging the gap between the everyday and the eternal is also reflected in the book. Though he stays away from dogma and concentrates on common human experiences, his Christian faith subtly influences his opinions, as seen in allusions to the Gospels or the moral implications of stories. For this reason, "The Reading Life" is a good match for his more overtly narrative or theological writings.

"The Reading Life" is a delightful, if not revolutionary, contribution to the legacy of C.S. Lewis. With its blend of poetic reflections on the power of literature and practical advice (e.g., prioritize the old and reread what you love), it provides a window into his lifelong love affair with books. Although readers looking for a completely unique work might not find it satisfying, it is a successful short, motivational manual for book lovers. This book is a sincere affirmation of the pleasures and rewards of the reading life for people who agree with Lewis that "those of us who have been true readers all our life seldom fully realize the enormous extension of our being which we owe to authors."

Covert Cultural Salvager

Too Loud a Solitude 

by Bohumil Hrabal

“I can be by myself because I'm never lonely; I'm simply alone, living in my heavily populated solitude, a harum-scarum of infinity and eternity, and Infinity and Eternity seem to take a liking to the likes of me.” ― Bohumil Hrabal, Too Loud a Solitude

Too Loud a Solitude by Bohumil Hrabal is a compact yet profound novella that blends dark humor, existential reflection, and a tender love for literature into a unique reading experience. Published in 1976 and translated from Czech, this slim work—only 98 pages in my paperback edition—packs a surprising emotional and philosophical punch.

The narrative centers on Hantá, an elderly, reclusive man who has run a wastepaper compactor in Prague for 35 years. Under the careful supervision of the communist regime, his job is to destroy books—tons of them—pulped into oblivion. Hantá, however, is more than just a worker; he is a covert cultural salvager who saves books from the press and hoards them in his small apartment until the ceiling creaks with their weight. He reflects on his life, his lost love, and the unrelenting advance of modernity that threatens his peaceful, bookish existence, giving us a mixture of absurdity and melancholy through his peculiar, stream-of-consciousness narration.

Hrabal's prose, as translated into English by Michael Henry Heim, is remarkable; it is lyrical, dense, and purposefully repetitive, reflecting Hantá's compulsive thoughts. The text has a hypnotic rhythm due to recurring phrases like "I am a jug filled with water, both magic and plain." The story veers between memory, philosophy, and detailed descriptions of Hantá's grimy work, such as the rats he fights or the "beautiful" bales of compressed paper he carefully crafts, so it is not an easy read for those who prefer linear storytelling. However, if you embrace its rhythm, it is strangely captivating.

The book's themes include the fragility of knowledge in a world where censorship is common, the conflict between tradition and progress, and the quiet dignity of a marginalized life. The regime's contempt for books stands in stark contrast to Hantá's admiration for them, claiming to be "educated" by the passages he reads before they are destroyed. His dual roles as a destroyer and a preserver are tragically ironic, and Hrabal makes the most of it. The novella also pays homage to Czech absurdism and Kafka, but it is less depressing because of Hantá's humor and little acts of defiance.

Up until the shocking conclusion, which I will not give away but will say feels both inevitable and eerie, it is more of a character study than a narrative with a distinct arc. Wrapped in a voice so unique that it lingers long after the last page, it is a love letter to books and a middle finger to those who would burn them. It is a gem if you enjoy eccentric, introspective books and do not mind a slow burn. I and you as well may enjoy it with a strong beverage—Hantá would be pleased, considering how often his thoughts are dripping with beer.

Shadows of Our Past

Quichotte 

by Salman Rushdie

“We walk unknowing amid the shadows of our past and, forgetting our history, are ignorant of ourselves." ― Salman Rushdie, Quichotte

Salman Rushdie's Quichotte is a sophisticated and incredibly creative book that presents a modern interpretation of Cervantes' beloved Don Quixote. The book explores themes of fiction, reality, and the impact of mass media as it reimagines Don Quixote for the contemporary era. It is a satire of modern American culture, specifically the overabundance of social media and television and the fuzziness of the distinction between fact and fiction.

The novel uses a story inside a story, creating a multi-layered narrative. Quichotte, a traveling salesman who develops an obsession with a TV personality, is a character created by author Sam DuChamp. Rushdie is able to examine the nature of storytelling itself as well as the relationship between author and character thanks to this metafictional framework. The novel addresses a wide range of current issues, such as the opioid crisis, political polarization, the influence of media on perception, and the pursuit of love and connection in a fractured world. The narrative explores how unreality contaminates reality.

Rushdie's signature style is on full display, with its blend of magical realism, satire, and playful language. The novel is filled with literary references and allusions. While I did not agree with all of the opinions expressed in the novel, I would agree that the book is often a very relevant commentary on the current state of society. In essence, "Quichotte" is a bold and ambitious novel that challenges readers to question the nature of reality and the power of storytelling.

Survival of an Author

Knife: 

Meditations After an Attempted Murder 

by Salman Rushdie

“we would not be who we are today without the calamities of our yesterdays.”   ― Salman Rushdie, Knife: Meditations After an Attempted Murder

Salman Rushdie’s Knife: Meditations After an Attempted Murder is a raw and introspective memoir that chronicles the author’s survival of a near-fatal stabbing in August 2022, as well as his reflections on life, art, and freedom in its aftermath. Written with one eye and limited use of one hand due to injuries sustained in the attack, the book is a personal reflection as well as a more general reflection on the forces that have influenced Rushdie's life, particularly the fatwa that was issued against him in 1989 after The Satanic Verses was published.

Rushdie opens with the brutal irony of the attack at the Chautauqua Institution, where he was getting ready to give a speech about defending writers from harm. He was stabbed 15 times in 27 seconds by a man in black who hurried onto the stage, leaving him partially paralyzed and blind in one eye. Gripping and unflinching, the first chapters describe the physical trauma and the immediate aftermath in a way that is both horrific and compassionate. Rushdie's ability to inject humor into this gloom—wailing over the destruction of his Ralph Lauren suit in the midst of the mayhem—gives a hint of his tenacity and unique voice.

The memoir unfolds in two broad movements: the attack and recovery, followed by a more reflective exploration of its meaning. Rushdie doesn’t dwell excessively on The Satanic Verses controversy, asserting that the assault by his attacker (referred to only as “the A”) wasn’t truly about that book—the assailant had barely read it. Instead, he frames the incident as a collision of personal and civilizational forces—a loner’s misguided rage intersecting with decades of ideological tension. This is where Knife shines as a literary work: Rushdie uses his novelist’s eye to probe the absurdity and tragedy of the event, imagining conversations with his attacker to grapple with motives that remain opaque.

Stylistically, the book is quintessential Rushdie—long, winding sentences peppered with literary allusions, from Shakespeare to Beckett, and a playful yet pointed use of language (e.g., calling his assailant “the Asinine man”). The prose is often lyrical and profound, especially when he reflects on love—particularly for his wife, Eliza Griffiths, whose support anchors his healing—or the power of art to defy violence.

In the end, Knife is Rushdie reclaiming his narrative—refusing to be defined solely as a victim. It’s not his deepest work philosophically, nor his most polished, but it’s among his most human. For readers new to Rushdie, it’s an accessible entry into his world; for longtime fans, it’s a testament to his enduring spirit. As he writes, “Language was my knife”—and with it, he carves meaning from chaos.

Escape into Secrets

Secretly Inside 

by Hans Warren

"a city boy, a student, his clothing smart, in these surroundings almost elegant. . . He looked frightened: what am I doing here?" - Hans Warren

"Secretly Inside" by Hans Warren is a novel that delves into the complexities of human relationships during the fraught period of Nazi-occupied Holland. The book is set in the Dutch countryside during World War II, providing a backdrop of tension and uncertainty. It explores the experience of a Jewish man, Ed, forced into hiding and the precariousness of his situation. The novel examines the nuances of human behavior, revealing that appearances can be deceptive. The family that shelters Ed is not as uniformly benevolent as they initially seem.

It addresses themes of repressed emotions and hidden desires, especially in the setting of a dangerous and constrictive environment. The book also touches on the psychological impact of war and the ways in which it can distort and intensify personal relationships. It also contains themes of homosexual relationships and the complications that those relationships had during that time period.

With their shifting allegiances and covert goals, Ed's interactions with the family members are at the heart of the story. The book explores the emotional turmoil of the characters, including grief, desire, and fear. In conclusion, "Secretly Inside" offers a nuanced portrayal of life under Nazi occupation, focusing on the intimate experiences of individuals rather than grand historical narratives. It is a story that brings to light the hidden emotions that people hold and how those emotions can effect their actions.

I found it to be a compelling novel that blends historical fiction with psychological depth, offering a thought-provoking exploration of human nature in a time of crisis.

Expressing the Inexpressible

Culture and Value 

by Ludwig Wittgenstein

“Perhaps what is inexpressible (what I find mysterious and am not able to express) is the background against which whatever I could express has its meaning."  ― Ludwig Wittgenstein, Culture and Value

Culture and Value by Wittgenstein, translated by Peter Winch, presents a collection of his remarks on culture and value, including thoughts on art, music, religion, and other cultural areas, presented chronologically with the German text alongside the English translation and a subject index.
The book comprises Wittgenstein's notes and remarks on various aspects of culture and value, including art, music, religion, and literature. The entries are presented chronologically, with both the German and English texts side-by-side and a subject index for easy reference.

Wittgenstein discusses Christianity, stating it is not based on historical truth but offers a narrative to be believed, regardless of historical accuracy. The book includes Wittgenstein's thoughts on Shakespeare, contrasting his character depictions with those of Tolstoy. Wittgenstein lists individuals who influenced him, including Boltzmann, Hertz, Schopenhauer, Frege, Russell, and others. "Culture and Value" provides valuable insights into Wittgenstein's philosophical thinking beyond his formal works. The book offers a glimpse into his personal reflections and observations on cultural phenomena. It allows for a deeper understanding of Wittgenstein's broader philosophical framework.

Remarkably, many of the statements made throughout the text can be taken at face value without any additional context. Ultimately, Culture and Value is a great addition to the Wittgenstein Corpus because these comments can also help readers better understand Wittgenstein's philosophy.

Density of a Dream

The Book of Evidence 

by John Banville

“I was estranged from myself and all that I had once supposed I was. My life up to now had only the weightless density of a dream. When I thought about my past, it was like thinking of what someone else had been—someone I had never met but whose history I knew by heart. It all seemed no more than a vivid fiction." ― John Banville, The Book of Evidence




This book introduced me to John Banville, one of my favorite writers, even though it is not my favorite of his novels. The story is told by 38-year-old scientist Freddie Montgomery, who kills a servant girl while trying to take a painting from a neighbor. Freddie is an aimless drifter, and though he is a perceptive observer of himself and his surroundings, he is largely amoral. In addition to recounting his life story, he is an untrustworthy narrator who describes how he was arrested for the murder of a servant girl in one of Ireland's "big houses." After running afoul of a gangster in the Mediterranean, Freddie, a sophisticated but slouched Anglo-Irish scientist who has lived overseas for many years, returns to his ancestral home in search of money. Shocked to discover that his mother has sold the family's collection of paintings, Freddie attempts to recover them. This leads to a tragic series of events culminating in Freddie's killing of a maid while stealing a painting. On the run, he hides out in the house of an old family friend, Charlie, a man of some influence, before being arrested and interrogated.

Because Banville, like Ford Madox Ford, has cleverly constructed a novel about sex, betrayal, and self-deception—a novel whose narrator's testimony is notoriously unreliable and laced with internal contradictions—it made me think of one of the best books I have read and reread, Ford Madox Ford's The Good Soldier. Mr. Banville's book also recalls other, mostly French, novels, among them Andre Gide's The Immoralist (which, like Mr. Banville's book, depicts the consequences of sexual repression) and Albert Camus's The Stranger (which concerns a senseless murder).

Shifting Perspectives

In Pale Battalions 

by Robert Goddard

“The dream of yesterday is the hope of today and the reality of tomorrow."  ― Robert Goddard








"In Pale Battalions" by Robert Goddard is a captivating and intricately plotted novel that weaves together elements of historical fiction, mystery, and family drama. Goddard’s second novel showcases his early mastery of suspenseful storytelling and his ability to craft complex narratives that keep readers guessing until the final pages. Set against the backdrop of World War I and spanning several decades, the book explores themes of secrets, deception, trust, and the long-reaching consequences of hidden truths.

The narrative opens with Leonora Galloway and her daughter Penelope touring France's Thiepval Memorial, a monument honoring the Somme's dead. There, Leonora reveals a puzzling detail: her father, Captain John Hallows, is listed as having died in April 1916, yet she was born in March 1917, making it impossible for him to be her biological father. This revelation sets the stage for a multi-generational tale that unfolds through shifting perspectives and timelines, pulling readers into a web of family secrets centered around the Meongate estate in Hampshire.

The story explores Leonora's early years, which were characterized by the controlling influence of her cunning step-grandmother Olivia and the aloof demeanor of her grandfather, Lord Powerstock. As an orphan raised in a household steeped in mystery, Leonora’s quest for the truth about her parentage drives the story forward. Lieutenant Tom Franklin, a friend of John Hallows and a wounded soldier, joins the story and, while recovering at Meongate in 1916, discovers a complex web of deceit, extortion, and murder. Characters like the scheming Olivia, the enigmatic American Ralph Mompesson, and the vulnerable yet resilient Leonora Hallows add depth and tension to the unfolding drama.

The author's careful plotting and poetic prose are exquisite. The novel’s structure—told through multiple narrators, each revealing partial truths—mirrors the elusive nature of the mystery itself and kept me engaged as I pieced together the puzzle. The World War I setting serves not just as a backdrop but as a catalyst for the moral ambiguities and identity crises that permeate the story.

Leader and Wise Man

And There Was Light: 

Abraham Lincoln 

and the American Struggle 

by Jon Meacham

“Once, when a Republican congressman from Massachusetts accused Lincoln of having changed his mind, Lincoln replied, “Yes, I have; and I don’t think much of a man who is not wiser today than he was yesterday."  ― Jon Meacham, And There Was Light: Abraham Lincoln and the American Struggle





The focus of the book is Lincoln's political and personal development, from a practical politician who at first supported union over abolition to a leader who issued the Emancipation Proclamation and struggled with slavery, America's original sin. Meacham frames Lincoln as a flawed yet profoundly moral figure, shaped by his faith, reason, and the turbulent times. Meacham uses Lincoln's own words—from letters, speeches, and lesser-known works—to weave together a larger story about democracy and human dignity while highlighting significant events like the Gettysburg Address and the Lincoln-Douglas debates in 1858.

The book impressed me with its depth and readability. Meacham's elegant and approachable prose gives difficult historical and moral issues a sense of urgency and relatability. He connects Lincoln’s struggles to modern debates about race, justice, and leadership, a hallmark of his style that some find insightful and others occasionally heavy-handed. The book doesn’t shy away from Lincoln’s contradictions—his early ambivalence about immediate abolition and his support for colonizing freed Black Americans abroad—offering a nuanced view that avoids hagiography.

Stereotypical Downturns

Demon Copperhead 

by Barbara Kingsolver

“At the time, I thought my life couldn’t get any worse. Here’s some advice: Don’t ever think that.” ― Barbara Kingsolver, Demon Copperhead

I found the first-person narrator to be annoying and the book to be tedious. I did not find it impressive that David Copperfield was used as the story's model. The story takes a number of depressing turns, such as a stay in a horrifying foster home where Demon is essentially starved. The portrayal of Appalachian life leans into stereotypes; I felt the depiction did not truly capture the diversity of experiences in such communities, and it simplifies them into a narrative of poverty and addiction.

Greek Lyrics

Pure Pagan: Seven Centuries of Greek Poems and Fragments 

by Burton Raffel

“EUROPA Europa costs you a dollar. No one cares, including her. She’s got clean sheets and a fire in winter. Why bother Becoming a bull, O Zeus!”  ― Burton Raffel, Pure Pagan: Seven Centuries of Greek Poems and Fragments

One of my favorite poet-translators, Burton Raffel, translated these Greek lyrics. Through their poetry, the poets in this anthology offer a window into ancient Greek culture. Among them are the very obscure to the somewhat less obscure, with a few familiar names like Plato. There are poems and fragments of poems for everyone's taste. Reading them, I enjoyed making connections with my own life and our twenty-first century culture. Seeing how these ancient poets influenced some of our greatest contemporary poets was also fascinating. 

"Pure Pagan" is celebrated for its role in bringing obscure Greek poetry to light, offering readers a glimpse into the diverse voices of ancient Greece. I appreciate Raffel's modern interpretation. Because of its wide range of selection and lively, if occasionally contentious, translation style, it is a great addition for anyone interested in ancient poetry. Overall, it is a beautiful selection of poetry.

If you're interested in exploring ancient Greek poetry through a contemporary lens, this book might serve as an engaging introduction or a complementary read to more traditional translations. However, for those seeking a translation closer to the original rhythm and tone, opinions suggest looking at other translators' works as well.

Caught in the Crossfire

What Maisie Knew 

by Henry James

“She took refuge on the firm ground of fiction, through which indeed there curled the blue river of truth."  ― Henry James, What Maisie Knew

Even though some of James' fiction can be difficult to understand, Maisie is comparatively simple to follow, though you may need to read a sentence again to fully understand it. Reading some of James' sentences is like hang-gliding from the first word to the period—you take in so much information along the way that you're likely to get a bit giddy.

Maisie, a young child caught in the crossfire of her parents' acrimonious divorce, is the protagonist of the book. Used as a pawn in their manipulative games, Maisie is shuttled between her self-absorbed mother, Ida, and her charming but irresponsible father, Beale. As her parents remarry, Maisie becomes entangled in the lives of her new stepparents—Sir Claude and Mrs. Beale (formerly Miss Overmore)—and their own web of romantic and moral entanglements. Through Maisie’s innocent yet increasingly perceptive eyes, James examines the moral decay of the adults around her and her gradual understanding of their flaws.

Maisie begins as a naive child but is exposed to the selfish and immoral behavior of the adults in her life. James masterfully explores how innocence can coexist with an intuitive understanding of human flaws. The novel challenges traditional notions of right and wrong as the adults justify their actions while neglecting Maisie’s well-being. James uses Maisie’s limited but evolving perspective to create a layered narrative, forcing readers to piece together the truth behind the adults’ behavior.

The story of the sensitive daughter of divorced and irresponsible parents, What Maisie Knew, has great contemporary relevance as an unflinching account of a wildly dysfunctional family. The book is also a masterly technical achievement by James, as it follows the title character from earliest childhood to precocious maturity. It's not surprising from the book's title that knowledge and education form a major theme in it. Her keen observation of the irresponsible behavior of almost all the adults she lives with eventually persuades her to rely on her most devoted friend, Mrs. Wix, even though the frumpy governess is by far the least superficially attractive adult in her life. The novel is also a thoroughgoing condemnation of parents and guardians abandoning their responsibilities towards their children. James saw English society as becoming more corrupt and decadent, and What Maisie Knew is one of his harshest indictments of those who can't be bothered to live responsible lives. It might seem that such a book would become almost unbearably grim. But James leavens the sorry doings with a generous dose of admittedly dark humor.

The act of writing to James was a highly delicate operation, as if he were building a house of cards, and the least slip would ruin the design. Though Maisie is not a perfect book, it is filled with James' elaborate literary feats, those suspenseful sleights of hand that always induce pleasurable gasps at each successful intellectual vibration.

Growing up Gay

The Beautiful Room Is Empty 

by Edmund White

“And William laughed with his special blend of mischief, compounded of humor, spite, and sadness in a ratio even he wasn't sure of but that he mixed by feel."  - Edmund White, The Beautiful Room Is Empty

Edmund White's semi-autobiographical book "The Beautiful Room Is Empty" chronicles the experiences of a young gay man growing up in the 1950s and 1960s, leading up to the Stonewall Riots in 1969.

The narrative follows the protagonist from his preparatory school days through his college years and into the burgeoning gay culture of New York City. It's a journey of self-discovery, marked by the protagonist's struggle with his sexual identity in a repressive society, his attempts at psychoanalysis to "cure" his homosexuality, and his eventual acceptance and celebration of his identity.

The narrative focuses on themes of identity, alienation, the search for belonging, and the transformation of gay culture during a pivotal time in American history. The novel paints a vivid picture of the era's social constraints and the personal and collective liberation that followed. White's prose is often eloquent, with a particular emphasis on the richness of language and the emotional depth of the narrative. His storytelling has candor, intelligence, and humor, even when addressing the painful aspects of oppression and self-acceptance.

White has an ability to convey the loneliness and subsequent fulfillment of coming out. The book has a literary quality and an honest portrayal of gay life in mid-20th-century America. As part of White's autobiographical trilogy, it is often compared to "A Boy's Own Story," its predecessor. While both are celebrated, "The Beautiful Room Is Empty" can seem slightly less engaging due to its different stylistic choices and the protagonist's more introspective, sometimes self-conscious, narrative voice.

"The Beautiful Room Is Empty" stands as a significant work in the landscape of American literature, particularly within the context of gay narratives. It offers not only a historical snapshot of gay life before and during the Stonewall era but also a compelling personal journey through the complexities of identity. For those interested in literature that explores themes of self-discovery, societal change, and the nuances of love and sexuality, this book is highly recommended. However, readers should be prepared for a narrative that is both introspective and, at times, self-critical, reflecting the protagonist's internal struggle with the external world.

Meditation on Mortality

Small Rain 

by Garth Greenwell

“Read it again, read it more slowly, that was the whole of my pedagogy when I taught my students, who were pressured everywhere else to be more efficient, to take in information more quickly, to make each moment count, to instrumentalize time, which is a terrible way to live, dehumanizing, it disfigures existence.”   ― Garth Greenwell, Small Rain






Set in the COVID-19 era, this novel explores the physicality of suffering as its protagonist, an unnamed poet, is admitted to the intensive care unit after suffering a serious medical crisis. The book focuses on an examination of the American healthcare system, the nature of pain, and the search for meaning and connection amidst suffering. It is both a meditation on mortality and a love story, highlighting the unexpected intimacies that can develop in such extreme circumstances.

Because of its lyrical quality, philosophical asides, and ability to convey the narrator's consciousness, I thought Greenwell's prose was unique. The narrative style is introspective, focusing on the internal experience of the protagonist, which contrasts with the external environment of the hospital. His prose style had a unique aspect in that he referred to characters with merely the first letter of their name.

"Small Rain" pushed the limits of narrative structure by emphasizing the internal rather than the external, and I found it to have a complex depiction of illness and an intriguing character study. I enjoyed it's departure from and extension of Greenwell's earlier works, focusing on different aspects of human experience but with the same meticulous and poetic prose.